ONGC
Oil And Natural Gas Corp.
ONGC
276.35
Max Pain
Strike 209.75 has a total call value of 0 versus a total put value of 109,413,168,750 Combined total value = 109,413,168,750
Strike 210 has a total call value of 56,250 versus a total put value of 108,905,343,750 Combined total value = 108,905,400,000
Strike 211.75 has a total call value of 450,000 versus a total put value of 105,350,568,750 Combined total value = 105,351,018,750
Strike 212 has a total call value of 506,250 versus a total put value of 104,843,081,250 Combined total value = 104,843,587,500
Strike 213.75 has a total call value of 900,000 versus a total put value of 101,290,668,750 Combined total value = 101,291,568,750
Strike 214 has a total call value of 1,181,250 versus a total put value of 100,783,237,500 Combined total value = 100,784,418,750
Strike 215.75 has a total call value of 3,150,000 versus a total put value of 97,231,218,750 Combined total value = 97,234,368,750
Strike 216 has a total call value of 3,431,250 versus a total put value of 96,723,900,000 Combined total value = 96,727,331,250
Strike 217.75 has a total call value of 5,400,000 versus a total put value of 93,172,668,750 Combined total value = 93,178,068,750
Strike 218 has a total call value of 5,681,250 versus a total put value of 92,665,350,000 Combined total value = 92,671,031,250
Strike 219.75 has a total call value of 7,650,000 versus a total put value of 89,114,118,750 Combined total value = 89,121,768,750
Strike 220 has a total call value of 7,931,250 versus a total put value of 88,606,800,000 Combined total value = 88,614,731,250
Strike 221.75 has a total call value of 9,900,000 versus a total put value of 85,055,568,750 Combined total value = 85,065,468,750
Strike 222 has a total call value of 10,181,250 versus a total put value of 84,548,250,000 Combined total value = 84,558,431,250
Strike 223.75 has a total call value of 12,150,000 versus a total put value of 80,997,018,750 Combined total value = 81,009,168,750
Strike 224 has a total call value of 12,656,250 versus a total put value of 80,491,781,250 Combined total value = 80,504,437,500
Strike 225.75 has a total call value of 16,200,000 versus a total put value of 76,955,118,750 Combined total value = 76,971,318,750
Strike 226 has a total call value of 16,706,250 versus a total put value of 76,449,881,250 Combined total value = 76,466,587,500
Strike 226.75 has a total call value of 18,225,000 versus a total put value of 74,934,168,750 Combined total value = 74,952,393,750
Strike 227.75 has a total call value of 20,250,000 versus a total put value of 72,913,218,750 Combined total value = 72,933,468,750
Strike 228 has a total call value of 20,756,250 versus a total put value of 72,407,981,250 Combined total value = 72,428,737,500
Strike 228.75 has a total call value of 22,275,000 versus a total put value of 70,892,268,750 Combined total value = 70,914,543,750
Strike 229 has a total call value of 22,950,000 versus a total put value of 70,387,818,750 Combined total value = 70,410,768,750
Strike 229.75 has a total call value of 24,975,000 versus a total put value of 68,874,468,750 Combined total value = 68,899,443,750
Strike 230 has a total call value of 25,706,250 versus a total put value of 68,376,093,750 Combined total value = 68,401,800,000
Strike 230.75 has a total call value of 27,900,000 versus a total put value of 66,880,968,750 Combined total value = 66,908,868,750
Strike 231 has a total call value of 28,800,000 versus a total put value of 66,382,593,750 Combined total value = 66,411,393,750
Strike 231.75 has a total call value of 31,500,000 versus a total put value of 64,887,468,750 Combined total value = 64,918,968,750
Strike 232 has a total call value of 32,456,250 versus a total put value of 64,389,093,750 Combined total value = 64,421,550,000
Strike 232.75 has a total call value of 35,325,000 versus a total put value of 62,893,968,750 Combined total value = 62,929,293,750
Strike 233 has a total call value of 36,281,250 versus a total put value of 62,398,237,500 Combined total value = 62,434,518,750
Strike 233.75 has a total call value of 39,150,000 versus a total put value of 60,911,043,750 Combined total value = 60,950,193,750
Strike 234 has a total call value of 41,625,000 versus a total put value of 60,421,668,750 Combined total value = 60,463,293,750
Strike 234.75 has a total call value of 49,050,000 versus a total put value of 58,953,543,750 Combined total value = 59,002,593,750
Strike 235 has a total call value of 51,525,000 versus a total put value of 58,464,281,250 Combined total value = 58,515,806,250
Strike 235.75 has a total call value of 58,950,000 versus a total put value of 56,996,493,750 Combined total value = 57,055,443,750
Strike 236 has a total call value of 61,537,500 versus a total put value of 56,507,231,250 Combined total value = 56,568,768,750
Strike 236.75 has a total call value of 69,300,000 versus a total put value of 55,039,443,750 Combined total value = 55,108,743,750
Strike 237 has a total call value of 71,887,500 versus a total put value of 54,550,631,250 Combined total value = 54,622,518,750
Strike 237.75 has a total call value of 79,650,000 versus a total put value of 53,084,193,750 Combined total value = 53,163,843,750
Strike 238 has a total call value of 82,237,500 versus a total put value of 52,595,718,750 Combined total value = 52,677,956,250
Strike 238.75 has a total call value of 90,000,000 versus a total put value of 51,130,293,750 Combined total value = 51,220,293,750
Strike 239 has a total call value of 92,700,000 versus a total put value of 50,645,700,000 Combined total value = 50,738,400,000
Strike 239.75 has a total call value of 100,800,000 versus a total put value of 49,191,918,750 Combined total value = 49,292,718,750
Strike 240 has a total call value of 103,556,250 versus a total put value of 48,707,493,750 Combined total value = 48,811,050,000
Strike 240.75 has a total call value of 112,668,750 versus a total put value of 47,283,243,750 Combined total value = 47,395,912,500
Strike 241 has a total call value of 115,818,750 versus a total put value of 46,813,275,000 Combined total value = 46,929,093,750
Strike 241.75 has a total call value of 125,268,750 versus a total put value of 45,403,368,750 Combined total value = 45,528,637,500
Strike 242 has a total call value of 128,418,750 versus a total put value of 44,933,625,000 Combined total value = 45,062,043,750
Strike 242.75 has a total call value of 137,868,750 versus a total put value of 43,524,562,500 Combined total value = 43,662,431,250
Strike 243 has a total call value of 141,018,750 versus a total put value of 43,055,437,500 Combined total value = 43,196,456,250
Strike 243.75 has a total call value of 150,468,750 versus a total put value of 41,648,062,500 Combined total value = 41,798,531,250
Strike 244 has a total call value of 158,400,000 versus a total put value of 41,193,787,500 Combined total value = 41,352,187,500
Strike 244.75 has a total call value of 182,193,750 versus a total put value of 39,833,156,250 Combined total value = 40,015,350,000
Strike 245 has a total call value of 190,125,000 versus a total put value of 39,385,012,500 Combined total value = 39,575,137,500
Strike 245.75 has a total call value of 213,918,750 versus a total put value of 38,040,581,250 Combined total value = 38,254,500,000
Strike 246 has a total call value of 222,356,250 versus a total put value of 37,594,237,500 Combined total value = 37,816,593,750
Strike 246.75 has a total call value of 247,668,750 versus a total put value of 36,256,556,250 Combined total value = 36,504,225,000
Strike 247 has a total call value of 256,106,250 versus a total put value of 35,811,787,500 Combined total value = 36,067,893,750
Strike 247.75 has a total call value of 281,418,750 versus a total put value of 34,477,481,250 Combined total value = 34,758,900,000
Strike 248 has a total call value of 289,856,250 versus a total put value of 34,033,893,750 Combined total value = 34,323,750,000
Strike 248.75 has a total call value of 315,337,500 versus a total put value of 32,707,687,500 Combined total value = 33,023,025,000
Strike 249 has a total call value of 323,887,500 versus a total put value of 32,276,250,000 Combined total value = 32,600,137,500
Strike 249.75 has a total call value of 349,537,500 versus a total put value of 30,981,937,500 Combined total value = 31,331,475,000
Strike 250 has a total call value of 358,200,000 versus a total put value of 30,551,287,500 Combined total value = 30,909,487,500
Strike 250.75 has a total call value of 391,612,500 versus a total put value of 29,315,700,000 Combined total value = 29,707,312,500
Strike 251 has a total call value of 402,750,000 versus a total put value of 28,906,762,500 Combined total value = 29,309,512,500
Strike 251.75 has a total call value of 436,162,500 versus a total put value of 27,679,950,000 Combined total value = 28,116,112,500
Strike 252 has a total call value of 447,300,000 versus a total put value of 27,272,418,750 Combined total value = 27,719,718,750
Strike 252.75 has a total call value of 480,712,500 versus a total put value of 26,058,768,750 Combined total value = 26,539,481,250
Strike 253 has a total call value of 491,962,500 versus a total put value of 25,655,625,000 Combined total value = 26,147,587,500
Strike 253.75 has a total call value of 525,712,500 versus a total put value of 24,449,231,250 Combined total value = 24,974,943,750
Strike 254 has a total call value of 541,800,000 versus a total put value of 24,060,600,000 Combined total value = 24,602,400,000
Strike 254.75 has a total call value of 590,400,000 versus a total put value of 22,899,093,750 Combined total value = 23,489,493,750
Strike 255 has a total call value of 606,600,000 versus a total put value of 22,512,487,500 Combined total value = 23,119,087,500
Strike 255.75 has a total call value of 655,368,750 versus a total put value of 21,379,668,750 Combined total value = 22,035,037,500
Strike 256 has a total call value of 671,625,000 versus a total put value of 21,005,662,500 Combined total value = 21,677,287,500
Strike 256.75 has a total call value of 720,393,750 versus a total put value of 19,887,018,750 Combined total value = 20,607,412,500
Strike 257 has a total call value of 736,650,000 versus a total put value of 19,515,037,500 Combined total value = 20,251,687,500
Strike 257.75 has a total call value of 785,418,750 versus a total put value of 18,401,962,500 Combined total value = 19,187,381,250
Strike 258 has a total call value of 801,787,500 versus a total put value of 18,031,387,500 Combined total value = 18,833,175,000
Strike 258.75 has a total call value of 850,893,750 versus a total put value of 16,921,856,250 Combined total value = 17,772,750,000
Strike 259 has a total call value of 869,737,500 versus a total put value of 16,557,637,500 Combined total value = 17,427,375,000
Strike 259.75 has a total call value of 926,268,750 versus a total put value of 15,469,200,000 Combined total value = 16,395,468,750
Strike 260 has a total call value of 945,112,500 versus a total put value of 15,107,343,750 Combined total value = 16,052,456,250
Strike 260.75 has a total call value of 1,027,462,500 versus a total put value of 14,120,156,250 Combined total value = 15,147,618,750
Strike 261 has a total call value of 1,058,625,000 versus a total put value of 13,798,631,250 Combined total value = 14,857,256,250
Strike 261.75 has a total call value of 1,152,112,500 versus a total put value of 12,842,156,250 Combined total value = 13,994,268,750
Strike 262 has a total call value of 1,184,006,250 versus a total put value of 12,524,681,250 Combined total value = 13,708,687,500
Strike 262.75 has a total call value of 1,279,687,500 versus a total put value of 11,577,487,500 Combined total value = 12,857,175,000
Strike 263 has a total call value of 1,312,425,000 versus a total put value of 11,263,837,500 Combined total value = 12,576,262,500
Strike 263.75 has a total call value of 1,410,975,000 versus a total put value of 10,327,950,000 Combined total value = 11,738,925,000
Strike 264 has a total call value of 1,453,275,000 versus a total put value of 10,026,956,250 Combined total value = 11,480,231,250
Strike 264.75 has a total call value of 1,580,681,250 versus a total put value of 9,140,850,000 Combined total value = 10,721,531,250
Strike 265 has a total call value of 1,624,275,000 versus a total put value of 8,849,925,000 Combined total value = 10,474,200,000
Strike 265.75 has a total call value of 1,756,406,250 versus a total put value of 8,246,981,250 Combined total value = 10,003,387,500
Strike 266 has a total call value of 1,802,362,500 versus a total put value of 8,050,725,000 Combined total value = 9,853,087,500
Strike 266.75 has a total call value of 1,943,268,750 versus a total put value of 7,476,300,000 Combined total value = 9,419,568,750
Strike 267 has a total call value of 1,990,687,500 versus a total put value of 7,287,806,250 Combined total value = 9,278,493,750
Strike 267.75 has a total call value of 2,133,281,250 versus a total put value of 6,726,881,250 Combined total value = 8,860,162,500
Strike 268 has a total call value of 2,182,050,000 versus a total put value of 6,542,718,750 Combined total value = 8,724,768,750
Strike 268.75 has a total call value of 2,329,537,500 versus a total put value of 5,996,137,500 Combined total value = 8,325,675,000
Strike 269 has a total call value of 2,382,356,250 versus a total put value of 5,818,500,000 Combined total value = 8,200,856,250
Strike 269.75 has a total call value of 2,540,981,250 versus a total put value of 5,287,781,250 Combined total value = 7,828,762,500
Strike 270 has a total call value of 2,594,531,250 versus a total put value of 5,112,112,500 Combined total value = 7,706,643,750
Strike 270.75 has a total call value of 2,816,268,750 versus a total put value of 4,673,193,750 Combined total value = 7,489,462,500
Strike 271 has a total call value of 2,895,637,500 versus a total put value of 4,531,950,000 Combined total value = 7,427,587,500
Strike 271.75 has a total call value of 3,133,743,750 versus a total put value of 4,110,581,250 Combined total value = 7,244,325,000
Strike 272 has a total call value of 3,215,643,750 versus a total put value of 3,971,643,750 Combined total value = 7,187,287,500
Strike 272.75 has a total call value of 3,464,381,250 versus a total put value of 3,572,887,500 Combined total value = 7,037,268,750
Strike 273 has a total call value of 3,547,968,750 versus a total put value of 3,442,050,000 Combined total value = 6,990,018,750
Strike 273.75 has a total call value of 3,802,612,500 versus a total put value of 3,056,793,750 Combined total value = 6,859,406,250
Strike 274 has a total call value of 3,906,056,250 versus a total put value of 2,936,475,000 Combined total value = 6,842,531,250
Strike 274.75 has a total call value of 4,226,681,250 versus a total put value of 2,584,968,750 Combined total value = 6,811,650,000
Strike 275 has a total call value of 4,335,525,000 versus a total put value of 2,471,793,750 Combined total value = 6,807,318,750
Strike 275.75 has a total call value of 4,730,737,500 versus a total put value of 2,173,275,000 Combined total value = 6,904,012,500
Strike 276 has a total call value of 4,870,518,750 versus a total put value of 2,078,606,250 Combined total value = 6,949,125,000
Strike 276.75 has a total call value of 5,315,681,250 versus a total put value of 1,818,731,250 Combined total value = 7,134,412,500
Strike 277 has a total call value of 5,470,425,000 versus a total put value of 1,744,818,750 Combined total value = 7,215,243,750
Strike 277.75 has a total call value of 5,958,112,500 versus a total put value of 1,541,812,500 Combined total value = 7,499,925,000
Strike 278 has a total call value of 6,127,425,000 versus a total put value of 1,478,812,500 Combined total value = 7,606,237,500
Strike 278.75 has a total call value of 6,671,812,500 versus a total put value of 1,308,037,500 Combined total value = 7,979,850,000
Strike 279 has a total call value of 6,858,843,750 versus a total put value of 1,254,037,500 Combined total value = 8,112,881,250
Strike 279.75 has a total call value of 7,432,425,000 versus a total put value of 1,101,656,250 Combined total value = 8,534,081,250
Strike 280 has a total call value of 7,631,718,750 versus a total put value of 1,053,843,750 Combined total value = 8,685,562,500
Strike 280.75 has a total call value of 8,578,406,250 versus a total put value of 966,093,750 Combined total value = 9,544,500,000
Strike 281 has a total call value of 8,900,156,250 versus a total put value of 941,287,500 Combined total value = 9,841,443,750
Strike 281.75 has a total call value of 9,877,387,500 versus a total put value of 875,137,500 Combined total value = 10,752,525,000
Strike 282 has a total call value of 10,206,506,250 versus a total put value of 855,675,000 Combined total value = 11,062,181,250
Strike 282.75 has a total call value of 11,212,762,500 versus a total put value of 802,856,250 Combined total value = 12,015,618,750
Strike 283 has a total call value of 11,549,981,250 versus a total put value of 786,318,750 Combined total value = 12,336,300,000
Strike 283.75 has a total call value of 12,567,037,500 versus a total put value of 738,393,750 Combined total value = 13,305,431,250
Strike 284 has a total call value of 12,912,750,000 versus a total put value of 722,418,750 Combined total value = 13,635,168,750
Strike 284.75 has a total call value of 13,959,506,250 versus a total put value of 676,518,750 Combined total value = 14,636,025,000
Strike 285 has a total call value of 14,310,056,250 versus a total put value of 661,218,750 Combined total value = 14,971,275,000
Strike 285.75 has a total call value of 15,634,068,750 versus a total put value of 620,381,250 Combined total value = 16,254,450,000
Strike 286 has a total call value of 16,084,181,250 versus a total put value of 606,993,750 Combined total value = 16,691,175,000
Strike 286.75 has a total call value of 17,439,918,750 versus a total put value of 567,000,000 Combined total value = 18,006,918,750
Strike 287 has a total call value of 17,892,956,250 versus a total put value of 553,893,750 Combined total value = 18,446,850,000
Strike 287.75 has a total call value of 19,253,587,500 versus a total put value of 514,575,000 Combined total value = 19,768,162,500
Strike 288 has a total call value of 19,714,331,250 versus a total put value of 501,468,750 Combined total value = 20,215,800,000
Strike 288.75 has a total call value of 21,104,493,750 versus a total put value of 462,150,000 Combined total value = 21,566,643,750
Strike 289 has a total call value of 21,572,606,250 versus a total put value of 449,212,500 Combined total value = 22,021,818,750
Strike 289.75 has a total call value of 22,978,462,500 versus a total put value of 410,400,000 Combined total value = 23,388,862,500
Strike 290 has a total call value of 23,451,356,250 versus a total put value of 397,462,500 Combined total value = 23,848,818,750
Strike 290.75 has a total call value of 24,984,618,750 versus a total put value of 362,531,250 Combined total value = 25,347,150,000
Strike 291 has a total call value of 25,508,700,000 versus a total put value of 350,887,500 Combined total value = 25,859,587,500
Strike 291.75 has a total call value of 27,082,125,000 versus a total put value of 315,956,250 Combined total value = 27,398,081,250
Strike 292 has a total call value of 27,610,143,750 versus a total put value of 304,312,500 Combined total value = 27,914,456,250
Strike 292.75 has a total call value of 29,200,781,250 versus a total put value of 269,381,250 Combined total value = 29,470,162,500
Strike 293 has a total call value of 29,734,481,250 versus a total put value of 257,737,500 Combined total value = 29,992,218,750
Strike 293.75 has a total call value of 31,335,581,250 versus a total put value of 222,806,250 Combined total value = 31,558,387,500
Strike 294 has a total call value of 31,899,093,750 versus a total put value of 214,481,250 Combined total value = 32,113,575,000
Strike 294.75 has a total call value of 33,596,043,750 versus a total put value of 189,506,250 Combined total value = 33,785,550,000
Strike 295 has a total call value of 34,167,825,000 versus a total put value of 181,181,250 Combined total value = 34,349,006,250
Strike 295.75 has a total call value of 35,883,168,750 versus a total put value of 156,206,250 Combined total value = 36,039,375,000
Strike 296 has a total call value of 36,461,193,750 versus a total put value of 147,881,250 Combined total value = 36,609,075,000
Strike 296.75 has a total call value of 38,203,031,250 versus a total put value of 122,906,250 Combined total value = 38,325,937,500
Strike 297 has a total call value of 38,788,987,500 versus a total put value of 114,581,250 Combined total value = 38,903,568,750
Strike 297.75 has a total call value of 40,546,856,250 versus a total put value of 89,606,250 Combined total value = 40,636,462,500
Strike 298 has a total call value of 41,134,331,250 versus a total put value of 81,281,250 Combined total value = 41,215,612,500
Strike 298.75 has a total call value of 42,902,156,250 versus a total put value of 56,306,250 Combined total value = 42,958,462,500
Strike 299 has a total call value of 43,505,043,750 versus a total put value of 47,981,250 Combined total value = 43,553,025,000
Strike 299.75 has a total call value of 45,313,706,250 versus a total put value of 23,006,250 Combined total value = 45,336,712,500
Strike 300 has a total call value of 45,925,818,750 versus a total put value of 14,681,250 Combined total value = 45,940,500,000
Strike 300.75 has a total call value of 47,928,037,500 versus a total put value of 2,700,000 Combined total value = 47,930,737,500
Strike 301 has a total call value of 48,628,575,000 versus a total put value of 2,025,000 Combined total value = 48,630,600,000
Strike 301.75 has a total call value of 50,730,187,500 versus a total put value of 0 Combined total value = 50,730,187,500
Strike 302 has a total call value of 51,443,437,500 versus a total put value of 0 Combined total value = 51,443,437,500
Max-Pain Table for Stocks
Frequently Asked Questions
Max Pain, also known as the max pain price, is the strike price at which the maximum number of option contracts (both puts and calls) would expire worthless, causing the largest financial losses for option holders at expiration. This price point represents the level where option writers would experience the least payout obligation.
The max pain theory suggests that as expiration approaches, market makers and option writers may attempt to influence the stock price toward this level to minimize their payout obligations, making it a significant reference point for traders analyzing option expiration dynamics.
Max Pain is calculated by determining the total dollar value of in-the-money options at each strike price. Here's the step-by-step process:
- For each strike price: Calculate the difference between the current stock price and the strike price.
- Multiply by Open Interest: Multiply this difference by the open interest (number of contracts) at that strike for both call and put options.
- Sum the values: Add together the dollar value for put options and call options at each strike price.
- Repeat for all strikes: Perform this calculation for every available strike price in the option chain.
- Identify the maximum: The strike price with the highest combined dollar value is the Max Pain price.
This calculation helps identify the price level where option writers would face the maximum financial loss if the stock closes at that price on expiration day.
Traders can incorporate Max Pain analysis into their trading strategy in several ways:
- Expiration Day Trading: As option expiration approaches, traders can use Max Pain as a potential support or resistance level, as market makers may attempt to push the price toward this level.
- Option Selection: Understanding Max Pain helps traders choose strike prices that are less likely to be manipulated, potentially improving their option trade outcomes.
- Risk Management: If a stock is trading far from Max Pain before expiration, traders can anticipate potential price movement toward this level and adjust their positions accordingly.
- Market Sentiment Indicator: Comparing the current stock price to Max Pain can provide insights into market sentiment and potential price direction near expiration.
- Hedging Strategy: Option writers can use Max Pain to identify strike prices where they might face the least payout risk, helping them structure more efficient hedging strategies.
Max Pain provides insights into potential stock price behavior, especially near option expiration:
- Price Magnet Effect: If the stock price is significantly above or below Max Pain before expiration, there may be a tendency for the price to move toward Max Pain as expiration approaches, as option writers hedge their positions.
- Support/Resistance Level: Max Pain can act as a psychological and technical support or resistance level, especially on expiration day, as it represents the price where maximum option value would be lost.
- Volatility Indicator: A large gap between current price and Max Pain may indicate higher potential volatility or price movement as expiration nears.
- Market Maker Activity: Significant open interest concentration around Max Pain suggests where market makers might have the most incentive to influence price movement through their hedging activities.
Note: Max Pain is a theoretical concept and should be used in conjunction with other technical and fundamental analysis tools, as it does not guarantee price movement.
Max Pain is a dynamic value that changes continuously based on several factors:
- Open Interest Changes: As traders open and close option positions, the open interest at different strike prices changes, which directly affects the Max Pain calculation.
- Stock Price Movement: As the underlying stock price moves, different strike prices become in-the-money or out-of-the-money, altering the dollar value calculations.
- Time Decay: As expiration approaches, the time value of options decreases, but the intrinsic value calculations for Max Pain continue to evolve with price movements.
- New Option Contracts: When new strike prices are added or when significant new positions are opened, Max Pain may shift to reflect the new distribution of open interest.
For accurate Max Pain analysis, traders should monitor it regularly, especially in the days leading up to expiration, as it can shift significantly as market conditions and option positions change.
Max Pain and Spot Price are two distinct concepts that serve different purposes in options trading:
- Spot Price (Current Market Price): This is the current trading price of the underlying stock or index in the market. It represents the real-time value at which the asset can be bought or sold immediately.
- Max Pain Price: This is a calculated theoretical price level based on option open interest data. It represents the strike price where option writers would face minimum payout obligations, not necessarily where the stock is currently trading.
The relationship between these two prices is crucial: when the spot price is far from Max Pain, traders may anticipate potential price movement toward Max Pain as expiration approaches. However, this is not guaranteed, and many other factors influence stock price movement.
No, Max Pain is not always accurate and should not be used as the sole indicator for predicting stock price movement. Here's why:
- Market Forces: Strong fundamental news, earnings reports, or significant market events can override the Max Pain effect and drive prices in unexpected directions.
- Institutional Activity: Large institutional trades, algorithmic trading, and other market participants may have different objectives than minimizing option payouts.
- Limited Influence: While market makers may attempt to influence price toward Max Pain, their ability to do so is limited, especially in highly liquid stocks with strong directional momentum.
- Multiple Expirations: Stocks often have options expiring on different dates (weekly, monthly), which means multiple Max Pain levels may exist simultaneously, reducing the predictive power of any single level.
- Statistical Tool: Max Pain is best viewed as a statistical tool that provides context about option market dynamics rather than a guaranteed price target.
Traders should use Max Pain as one of many tools in their analysis, combining it with technical analysis, fundamental analysis, and market sentiment indicators for more comprehensive decision-making.
Max Pain becomes increasingly relevant as option expiration approaches:
- Last Trading Week: Max Pain analysis is most useful during the final week before expiration, when option writers are actively hedging and the "pinning effect" (price movement toward Max Pain) is most likely to occur.
- Expiration Day: On the day of expiration, Max Pain can serve as a key reference level, as market makers may attempt to keep the stock price near this level to minimize their payout obligations.
- High Open Interest: Max Pain is more reliable when there is significant open interest concentrated around specific strike prices, as this indicates where option writers have the most exposure.
- Low Volatility Periods: During periods of low market volatility, Max Pain may have a stronger influence, as there are fewer competing forces driving price movement.
- Monthly Expirations: Monthly option expirations (typically the third Friday) often show stronger Max Pain effects compared to weekly expirations, due to higher open interest and more significant market maker involvement.
While Max Pain can be calculated at any time, its predictive value and practical application increase significantly as expiration approaches, making it particularly useful for short-term trading strategies focused on expiration week dynamics.
